Centrifugal Pump Impellers

This 3D animated video shows how a centrifugal pump impeller works, the different designs available and some typical applications. The enclosed, semi-open, closed, single-inlet, double-inlet, axial flow, mixed flow and radial flow impellers are all discussed in this video.

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▶️Common Impeller Components:
Vanes
Shrouds
Bore
Channels

Impeller Types:
Enclosed/Closed
Semi-Open
Open

Impeller Suction Types:
Single Inlet
Double Inlet

Impeller Flow Types:
Radial
Mixed
Axial

Operation
Liquid is drawn into the impeller and flows outwards away from the impeller eye. The change in cross sectional area of the impeller vanes and volute casing causes the velocity energy to be changed to pressure energy (Bernoulli’s principle).


Image Sources
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Transfer_Pump_Station.jpg


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Stories of Italy : Thank you sir, when I read this in a textbook it was not very clear to me, great presentation.
TR Labs : Great video. What software are you using for animation?
AJ Steward : Why is it beneficial to have the increasing channel area toward the outside of the impeller? Also every flow simulation I have seen shows the velocity of the fluid being very high at the outermost part of the channel, which makes sense because that's where the vane linear velocity is at its highest. Wouldn't this expansion in area create unwanted low pressure at the outermost portion of the channel? I understand that this increase in area is sort of inherit to the design of a round object haha, but has anyone done flow tests on an impeller with widening vanes to keep the channels the same area? They must have right?
Abc Bca : Hi John,
Very good presentation as usual
I have some doubts
1. Why should the number of channels be less for fluids with high suspended solids and more for fluids with less suspended solids??
2. Though fully closed impellers have the highest mechanical strength compared to the other two types, why aren't they used for pumping slurries and why open impellers having the lowest mechanical strength are being used for pumping slurries ?

Jabsco - How Does An Impeller Pump Work?

Us tech guys at Jabsco and Rule thought "How cool would it be to show what's going on inside an impeller pump!". Well, with the help of our machinist who made us a clear end-cover and the addition of some dish-washing liquid, we were able to show you how the vanes fold over and push the liquid out of the pump head. Remember, don't try this at home but it is wicked cool!

Blower impeller design experiments

comparing forward curved blades, backward curved blades and straight blades for a blower impeller.
http://woodgears.ca/dust_collector/impeller.html
Fisher's Shop : Awesome experiment! Would it be worthwhile to test a backward-facing rotor with fins that are slightly less curved? Nice job, Matthias!
Steve Hole : I've built a couple of the impellers based on your original design with the backward curved blades turned by a 1.5 horse motor. I've been using them in the shop to drive a dust collector with 4" PVC piping to good effect. I've learned a few interesting things as a result. First is that wood vanes in a spherical pattern collect a lot dust on the inside curve of the blade because of the creation of a static vortex (I think) at the midpoint. This is exacerbated because of the relatively rough texture of the wood vane. The collection is also uneven, causing the impeller to lose balance as it runs. Tapping the impeller to loosen the dust helps, but it isn't entirely effective. As a result I've moved away from wood vanes to fiberglass. It allows me to easily create hybrid vane shapes and have a very smooth, static resistant surface. Also, I find them infinitely easier to manufacture consistently compared to cutting vanes from a blank on the bandsaw. I'm currently running with a parabolic (near) shape that starts with a sharp curve and ends nearly flat. This prevents the dust buildup and produces a 20% higher air volume with only a 10% increase in motor amperage. I don't have measurements for air speed or static pressure lacking the instrumentation (and the inclination to build any) to measure them. Anyway, I thought you might find this interesting.
Nofer Trunions : Great experiment! I have been involved in many discussions about this very fact.

You should calculate the Velocity Triangles (easy to do) for your rig since you have flow numbers. That would be the icing on the cake and would further explain the results you obtained.

One other measurement you could make is the difference between the inlet an Discharge Temperature. Hopefully, at your low speeds, you would see the forward leaning blades producing the highest temperature.

Comment on VT's: What you want on the exit is for a flow particle, flowing along the surface of the blade to exit the OD without any shearing. Shearing is wasted energy and further heats the discharge.
Cotronixco : To make a varying pitch spiral, just allow a string to wrap as it draws. Your curves do not gradually change pitch—they change in steps.
Poly Hexamethyl : I really enjoyed your video! 0:11 I love how you made your own large adjustable compass out of wood. 0:27 And you guide the sawing of the curved vanes freehand so quickly and accurately. 3:25 And what a great idea for joining the pieces by cutting slots and gluing in little bits of wood. Lots of good ideas and techniques in this video.

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